Emerging <span style='color:red'>memory devices</span> used to develop electronic circuits for cybersecurity applications
Trade news

Emerging memory devices used to develop electronic circuits for cybersecurity applications

A team from UC Santa Barbara (UCSB) are looking to address the issue of single, targeted attacks where cyber criminals control and manipulate several nodes in a network.An illustration of a memristor as a cybersecurity device that appeared on the cover of Nature Electronics. Credit: BRIAN LONG/UCSBProfessor Dmitri Strukov of UCSB and his team intend to place an extra layer of security on Internet-and Bluetooth-enabled devices, with a technology that aims to prevent cloning – the practice by which nodes in a network are replicated and then used to launch attacks from within the network.Prof. Strukov describes it as a chip that deploys ionic memristor technology – an analog memory hardware solution to a digital problem."You can think of it as a black box," says Prof. Strukov. "Hardware-intrinsic security primitives enabled by analogue state and nonlinear conductance variations in integrated memristors.”Due to its nature, Prof. Strukov claims the chip is physically ‘unclonable’ and can render a device invulnerable to hijacking, counterfeiting or replication by cyber criminals.Key to this technology is the memristor, or memory resistor – an electrical resistance switch that can ‘remember’ its state of resistance based on its history of applied voltage and current. Not only can memristors can change their outputs in response to their histories, but each memristor, due to the physical structure of its material, also is unique in its response to applied voltage and current. Therefore, as Prof. Strukov explains, a circuit made of memristors results in a “black box”, with outputs extremely difficult to predict based on the inputs."The idea is that it's hard to predict, and because it's hard to predict, it's hard to reproduce," Strukov contends. The multitude of possible inputs can result in at least as many outputs – the more memristors, the more possibilities. Running each would take more time than an attacker may reasonably have to clone one device, let alone a network of them.The researchers explain that their memristive black box can circumvent machine learning-enabled hacking, where artificial intelligence technology is trained to ‘learn’ and model inputs and outputs, then predict the next sequence based on its model."For instance, if you have 2 million outputs and the attacker sees 10,000 or 20,000 of these outputs, he can, based on that, train a model that can copy the system afterwards," explains Hussein Nili, the paper's lead author. According to the team, the black box makes the relationship between inputs and outputs look random enough to the outside world even as the circuits' internal mechanisms are repeatable enough to be reliable. "It has to look random, but it should also be deterministic," Nili adds.Prof. Strukov and his team are now investigating whether there will be any drifts in the characteristics over time. They also are developing ‘strong’ security paths that require larger memristive circuits and additional techniques – suitable for sensitive military equipment or highly classified information. Along with creating ‘weak’ paths geared towards consumer electronics and everyday gadgets – situations in which it would likely not be worth an attacker's time to spend hours or days hacking into a device.
Key word：
Release time：2018-04-28 00:00 reading：1113 Continue reading>>
Magnetic Skyrmions Hold Promise for Next-Gen Memory Devices
Trade news

Magnetic Skyrmions Hold Promise for Next-Gen Memory Devices

　　Researchers at Singapore's Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) have created a thin film material that allows them to control the size and density of magnetic skyrmions — a critical milestone in the creation of a skyrmion-based memory device.　　The A*STAR / NTU discovery has been published in Nature Materials.　　Skyrmions were theorized to exist in 1962 by British physicist Tony Skyrme, explained Anjan Soumyanarayanan, lead author of the paper and one of the A*STAR researchers behind the discovery. Magnetic skyrmions were first predicted in 1989 and discovered in 2009 at very low temperatures (-250 °C) as crystalline materials.　　“It's really cold and pretty much unusable," Soumyanarayanan said.　　Since then there has been considerable excitement over their use in memory devices, especially after the discovery of room temperature skyrmions in 2013 through sequential stacking of metals, he said. “That's what really changed the game," he added.　　The stability of skyrmions are part of what makes them promising. As with many emerging memory technologies, the potential is a device that can hold more information while using less power. “They're very small, and very stable," Soumyanarayanan said.　　He added that the potential is not only smaller non-volatile memory devices, but smaller by an order of magnitude. “Skyrmons could impact the road map for a few decades," he said.　　The A*STAR / NTU paper outlines how the researchers achieved electrical detection of these skyrmions, which are small particle-like magnetic structures about 400 times smaller than a red blood cell. They can be created in magnetic materials, and their stability at small sizes makes them ideal candidates for memory devices.　　In a conventional ferromagnet, the magnetic moments, or spins, are all aligned parallel to each other to form a uniformly magnetized state of arbitrary size. In contrast, explains Soumyanarayanan, a skyrmion is a finite sized spin structure. The spin at the skyrmion center points opposite to the background. The spins wind around the center in a chiral fashion and are smoothly restored to the background orientation. The spins in a skyrmion whirl around the center somewhat similarly to a vortex generated in a pool of water.　　But it is more useful to think of skyrmions in terms of their emergent behavior, he said. They behave like nanometer-scale magnetic particles that can be seen with magnetic microscopes. They can self-organize into ordered arrays, or lattices. They can be singly created, moved, and deleted with electrical currents. “They can be thought of as analogous to game pieces on a checkerboard," he said.　　The researchers have developed a new multilayer thin film platform for skyrmions. It consists of a sequential stacking of Ir, Fe, Co and Pt layers, said Soumyanarayanan. “This four-layer stack is repeated several times to generate the full stack structure." The multilayer film is deposited using sputtering techniques on a CMOS-compatible silicon substrate, a fabrication process that is currently used to commercially develop memory devices, he said.　　"Our material platform allows us direct control of magnetic interactions that govern skyrmion properties simply by varying the thickness of the constituent layers. This allowed us to vary the size of skyrmions by a factor of two, and their stability and density by a factor of 10," said Soumyanarayanan. It also enabled researchers to achieve skyrmion configurations tailored to contrasting device requirements while at the same time using industry-compatible fabrication techniques. Researchers also demonstrated the electrical detection of ambient skyrmions, known as the Hall effect, which is also essential for realizing device applications, he said.　　A*STAR and NTU initiated a joint research program on skyrmions more than two years ago, and it's taken more than year of experiments and simulations to identify this particular multilayer stack as ideally suited to address the problem. “To this day, it is a unique material host of tunable skyrmions," said Soumyanarayanan.　　And although several groups around the world discovered room temperature skyrmions in 2015-16, they were unable to develop tunability of skyrmion properties or electrical detection, he said, which is a key requirement for moving from films to devices. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California has been collaborating with A*STAR and NTU on their skyrmion research.　　The next hurdles the researchers must clear is fabricating devices while ensuring consistency of magnetic properties. The details of the physical mechanisms governing the stabilization of skyrmions in nanostructures, and their reading and writing, remain to be fully established, said Soumyanarayanan, and he wouldn't speculate on timelines despite being rather optimistic. “Once we can demonstrate deterministic reading and writing of skyrmions in devices with reasonable electrical parameters, and demonstrate the scalability and reproducibility of these phenomena, the technology should be ripe for commercialization."
Key word：
Release time：2017-08-29 00:00 reading：2291 Continue reading>>

Turn to

/ 1

Popular categories
Semiconductors Circuit Protection Electromechanical Embedded Solutions Connectors, Interconnects Sensors, Transducers Optoelectronics Development Kits Test and Measurement Power Fans, Thermal Management Boxes, Enclosures, Racks Cables, Wires Passive Components Others
  • Week of hot material
  • Material in short supply seckilling
model brand Quote
RB751G-40T2R ROHM Semiconductor
TL431ACLPR Texas Instruments
CDZVT2R20B ROHM Semiconductor
BD71847AMWV-E2 ROHM Semiconductor
MC33074DR2G onsemi
model brand To snap up
ESR03EZPJ151 ROHM Semiconductor
BP3621 ROHM Semiconductor
STM32F429IGT6 STMicroelectronics
TPS63050YFFR Texas Instruments
BU33JA2MNVX-CTL ROHM Semiconductor
IPZ40N04S5L4R8ATMA1 Infineon Technologies
Hot labels
ROHM
IC
Averlogic
Intel
Samsung
IoT
AI
Sensor
Chip
Original authorized brand
More Licensed Brands>>
Information leaderboard
  • Week of ranking
  • Month ranking

About us

Qr code of ameya360 official account

Identify TWO-DIMENSIONAL code, you can pay attention to

AMEYA360 mall (www.ameya360.com) was launched in 2011. Now there are more than 3,500 high-quality suppliers, including 6 million product model data, and more than 1 million component stocks for purchase. Products cover MCU+ memory + power chip +IGBT+MOS tube + op amp + RF Bluetooth + sensor + resistor capacitance inductor + connector and other fields. main business of platform covers spot sales of electronic components, BOM distribution and product supporting materials, providing one-stop purchasing and sales services for our customers.

Please enter the verification code in the image below：

verification code